Understanding Conversion Therapy: What It Is and Why It Matters

Conversion therapy is a set of practices that try to change a person's sexual orientation or gender identity. The ex‑gay movement grew in the 1980s and 1990s, and groups such as Exodus International became influential. Exodus closed in 2013 and its leader apologized for the harm people suffered. Since then, some ministries have continued, while many medical and advocacy groups have rejected attempts to change identity.

Research has shown that conversion efforts are ineffective and have been linked to depression, substance use and suicide attempts. Major professional bodies have condemned the practice, and the United Nations expert said it can be degrading and may amount to torture. Across the United States, more than twenty states have laws that limit or ban conversion therapy for minors. On October 7, 2025, the U.S. Supreme Court heard oral arguments about Colorado's 2019 ban, and a decision has been expected by June 2026. Groups such as the American Psychological Association, the American Medical Association, and the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry have issued statements opposing these interventions. Legal bans generally focus on licensed health professionals and often do not apply to religious ministers.