Thomas Paine and the Power of a Pamphlet

Thomas Paine arrived in Philadelphia in late 1774 and quickly became involved in public writing. He wrote a short pamphlet called Common Sense that was published on January 10, 1776 in Philadelphia. The pamphlet argued that the American colonies should become independent and rejected hereditary monarchy. Paine used clear, direct language so ordinary people could follow his ideas. It sold about 120,000 copies in three months and was read in taverns and meeting places across the colonies, so its influence spread rapidly although some later historians debate the exact sales figures.

The pamphlet was printed in many editions and was reprinted by other firms while unauthorized copies circulated. Paine later wrote The American Crisis, the first of which appeared on December 19, 1776, and was ordered read aloud to Continental troops to raise morale. Since Paine did not secure strong financial rewards from Common Sense, he sought other work and continued writing on politics and society. He arrived with a letter of introduction from Benjamin Franklin, and friends such as Benjamin Rush helped him find printers and readers. Their support helped the pamphlet reach a wide audience quickly.