Aortic Dissection: What It Is and Why Fast Care Matters

Aortic dissection is a life‑threatening condition that occurs when a tear opens in the inner layer of the aorta, the main artery from the heart. Two main types are described: Type A starts near the heart and Type B starts farther down the aorta. People typically have sudden severe chest or back pain that may be described as tearing or stabbing, and weakness or shortness of breath can occur while blood flow to organs is reduced. High blood pressure is the most common risk factor, and some connective tissue disorders or stimulant use can increase danger.

Diagnosis is usually made with imaging such as CT, MRI or echocardiography, and rapid care is essential because mortality rises quickly. Type A dissections are treated with emergency open surgery, while Type B may be managed with strong blood pressure medicines or endovascular stent grafts when needed. Initial treatment often includes fast lowering of blood pressure, usually with intravenous medications. Care in an intensive care unit is required for many patients during recovery. Early transfer to a specialized aortic center improves chances.